Endangered languages

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 The Manchu people originated from the Jianzhou Jurchens and later absorbed other Tungusic and Mongolic tribes like the Sibe, Daur, and Evenki into their ranks as “New Manchus” under the Qing dynasty. They were historically divided into regional groups—Jianzhou, Haixi, and Haidong—with only the first two forming the core of the Manchu identity. 

 Umatilla is a severely endangered variety of Southern Sahaptin, traditionally spoken by the Umatilla people in Oregon and Washington. Revitalization efforts include immersion schools, community classes, and a comprehensive dictionary to support new speakers.