Jason Xu

Generative AI

From early probabilistic language models to today's transformers.

Generative AI has roots in early probabilistic language models like Markov chains and mid-20th-century theories of formal grammars. It evolved through computational linguistics and foundational neural networks to today's deep-learning transformer models — systems that can now autonomously produce coherent and creative content: text, images, and code.

A very short history

Early probability

Markov chains model sequences of symbols — the seed of statistical language modeling.

Formal grammars

Chomsky's hierarchies gave us a theory of what languages are — and what machines can generate.

Neural foundations

RNNs, LSTMs, and word embeddings made meaning computable.

Transformers

Attention is all you need — and generative AI became a household phrase.

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