The study of speech sounds, focusing on how they are produced, transmitted, and perceived.
The exploration of how physical speech sounds (phonetics) interact with their abstract, rule-governed patterns (phonology).
The study of the patterns and systems of sounds in a language and how they function.
The study of how sound patterns (phonology) and word structure (morphology) influence each other.
The study of the structure and formation of words, including prefixes, roots, and suffixes.
The study of sentence structure and the rules governing how words combine to form sentences.
The study of meaning in language, focusing on how words and sentences convey meaning.
The study of how language varies and changes in social contexts and across different groups of people.
The process of recording, analyzing, and preserving endangered languages for future study.